Coral reef fishing and coral-algal phase shifts: implications for global reef status   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

McManus  John W.; Menez  Lambert A. B.; Kesner-Reyes  Kathleen N.; Vergara  Sheila G.; Ablan  M. C. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2000,57(3):572-578

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南沙群岛珊瑚砂工程性质研究   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

孙宗勋 《热带海洋学报》2000,19(2):1-8

珊瑚砂是发育于热带海洋环境中的一种特殊的岩土介质类型 ,主要由珊瑚碎屑和其他海洋生物碎屑组成 ,碳酸钙含量高达 96 %。特殊的物质组成、结构和发育环境导致珊瑚砂具有独特的工程性质。文章综述了珊瑚砂的压缩性、破碎性、剪切特性和强度特性 ,指出了其显著的土力学特点 :高孔隙比、高摩擦角和低强度值。颗粒破碎是影响珊瑚砂变形和强度特性的主要因素 ,深入研究珊瑚砂的工程性质对珊瑚岛礁工程设计和施工、加强国防建设、开发热带海洋渔业资源和海底石油资源具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

Genetic connectivity of the coral‐eating sea star Acanthaster planci during the severe outbreak of 2006–2009 in the Society Islands,French Polynesia          下载免费PDF全文

Nina Yasuda  Coralie Taquet  Satoshi Nagai  Terutoyo Yoshida  Mehdi Adjeroud 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):668-678

Occasional population outbreaks of the crown‐of‐thorns sea star, Acanthaster planci, are a major threat to coral reefs across the Indo‐Pacific. The presumed association between the serial nature of these outbreaks and the long larval dispersal phase makes it important to estimate larval dispersal; many studies have examined the population genetic structure of A. planci for this purpose using different genetic markers. However, only a few have focused on reef‐scale as well as archipelago‐scale genetic structure and none has used a combination of different genetic markers with different effective population sizes. In our study, we used both mtDNA and microsatellite loci to examine A. planci population genetic structure at multiple spatial scales (from <2 km to almost 300 km) within and among four islands of the Society Archipelago, French Polynesia. Our analysis detected no significant genetic structure based on mtDNA (global F_ST = ?0.007, P = 0.997) and low levels of genetic structure using microsatellite loci (global F_ST = 0.006, P = 0.005). We found no significant isolation by distance patterns within the study area for either genetic marker. The overall genetically homogenized pattern found in both the mitochondrial and nuclear loci of A. planci in the Society Archipelago underscores the significant role of larval dispersal that may cause secondary outbreaks, as well as possible recent colonization in this area.  相似文献   

Spatial discordance in fish,coral, and sponge assemblages across a Caribbean atoll reef gradient          下载免费PDF全文

Charles Acosta  Robin Barnes  Rebecca McClatchey 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(2):167-177

Certain biodiversity patterns on coral reefs are generally consistent but we still lack fundamental insight into how assemblages vary across spatially heterogeneous reef systems. We compared fish, coral, and sponge assemblages across a symmetrical physiographical gradient (windward forereef, lagoon patch reef, leeward forereef) of the Glover's Reef atoll, Belize. Species richness of fishes and corals was highest in the deep habitat (15 m) on the windward forereef. Sponges were diverse and abundant on both deep windward and leeward forereefs but not on the exposed shallow (5 m) windward forereef. Fish and benthic assemblages were relatively distinct in each reef zone, with the lagoon patch reef communities consisting of a combination of leeward and windward species. Nevertheless, there were no clear patterns in community similarity matrices of fish and benthic assemblages, suggesting that overall coral and sponge assemblages had weak or no direct association with patterns in fish assemblages. A closer examination of fish trophic groups indicated that planktivores and predators were predictably associated with depth, whereas herbivores were associated with shallow protected reefs. None was specifically associated with spatial location along the atoll gradient. These patterns of diversity distribution are important for identifying spatial conservation priorities. A Marine Protected Area (MPA) at Glover's Reef encompasses substantial windward forereef and patch reef habitats. A much lesser extent of protection is afforded the leeward forereef that supports faunal assemblages that are unique and productive, if not as diverse as the windward forereef. Isolated coral atolls can serve as ideal systems to study spatial heterogeneity and biodiversity patterns, but more experimental studies are needed to reveal the mechanistic processes underlying these patterns.  相似文献   

西沙群岛西科1井碳酸盐岩稳定同位素地层学   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

乔培军  朱伟林  邵磊  张道军  成鑫荣  宋亚敏 《地球科学》2015,40(4):725-732

西科1井由于矿化重结晶作用和白云岩化作用普遍发育, 无法采用传统的氧同位素地层学方法进行地层年代标定.但是该井δ13C变化曲线与南海及全球主要大洋的碳同位素变化曲线完全相同, 可以用来准确标定200 ka以来的地层年龄.该井0~50 m深度对应全球氧同位素1~7期, 5 m处地层时代为14 ka, 为氧同位素1期的底界年龄; 11.70 m处为氧同位素2期的底界, 年龄为29 ka; 13.90 m深度年龄为57 ka; 到35.65 m为氧同位素6期底界, 年龄为191 ka, 同时δ13C值表现出冰期低而间冰期高的特点, 取自25.21 m的珊瑚U-Th定年年龄为131.062±2.320 ka.通过碳同位素定年发现, 石岛缺失近代5 ka以来的沉积物, 在间冰期向冰期转换时因海平面下降造成碳酸盐台地暴露剥蚀.全球气候变化是石岛碳酸盐台地δ13C值发生突变的主要原因.   相似文献   

Aggradation and carbonate accumulation of Holocene Norwegian cold‐water coral reefs          下载免费PDF全文

Jürgen Titschack  Daniel Baum  Ricardo De Pol‐Holz  Matthias López Correa  Nina Forster  Sascha Flögel  Dierk Hebbeln  André Freiwald 《Sedimentology》2015,62(7):1873-1898

Cold‐water coral ecosystems present common carbonate factories along the Atlantic continental margins, where they can form large reef structures. There is increasing knowledge on their ecology, molecular genetics, environmental controls and threats available. However, information on their carbo‐nate production and accumulation is still very limited, even though this information is essential for their evaluation as carbonate sinks. The aim of this study is to provide high‐resolution reef aggradation and carbonate accumulation rates for Norwegian cold‐water coral reefs from various settings (sunds, inner shelf and shelf margin). Furthermore, it introduces a new approach for the evaluation of the cold‐water coral preservation within cold‐water coral deposits by computed tomography analysis. This approach allows the differentiation of various kinds of cold‐water coral deposits by their macrofossil clast size and orientation signature. The obtained results suggest that preservation of cold‐water coral frameworks in living position is favoured by high reef aggradation rates, while preservation of coral rubble prevails by moderate aggradation rates. A high degree of macrofossil fragmentation indicates condensed intervals or unconformities. The observed aggradation rates with up to 1500 cm kyr^?1 exhibit the highest rates from cold‐water coral reefs so far. Reef aggradation within the studied cores was restricted to the Early and Late Holocene. Available datings of Norwegian cold‐water corals support this age pattern for other fjords while, on the shelf, cold‐water coral ages are reported additionally from the early Middle Holocene. The obtained mean carbonate accumulation rates of up to 103 g cm^?2 kyr^?1 exceed previous estimates of cold‐water coral reefs by a factor of two to three and by almost one order of magnitude to adjacent sedimentary environments (shelf, slope and deep sea). Only fjord basins locally exhibit carbonate accumulation rates in the range of the cold‐water coral reefs. Furthermore, cold‐water coral reef carbonate accumulation rates are in the range of tropical reef carbonate accumulation rates. These results clearly suggest the importance of cold‐water coral reefs as local, maybe regional to global, carbonate sinks.  相似文献   

珊瑚化石的组成及显微结构分析          下载免费PDF全文

范磊  邱家军  宋鹏  王纯阳  罗利嘉  周超  张文华 《岩矿测试》2014,33(3):340-344

珊瑚化石是珊瑚在地下长期埋藏经过各种地质作用所形成的化石,目前对珊瑚化石的研究主要集中在地质学和生物进化方面,对珊瑚化石的组成和显微结构研究较少。本文对产于陕西省的珊瑚化石采用X射线衍射分析、差热分析、热重分析以及扫描电镜等方法进行分析,研究珊瑚化石的组成、含量以及其显微结构特点。结果表明:这类开采于陕西省的珊瑚化石主要成分是碳酸钙(CaCO3),平均含量高达98.6%;珊瑚化石在700℃左右发生相变,在相变过程中其质量急剧下降,即CaCO3分解为CaO和CO2;内部结构存在着大量的1~5μm孔隙;断口形貌具有类似解理断裂的特点,存在相应的"河流状花样"。本文提出,在珊瑚玉石储藏及加工时要尽量避开酸性物质,避免使其经受高温,最高不要超过650℃,同时加工琢磨刻面过程中要避开解理面,或使刻面与解理面呈一定角度。  相似文献   

广西田林浪平地区晚石炭世生物礁古生态特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

巩恩普  杨大勇  陈晓红  关长庆 《地质论评》2014,60(3):515-528

广西田林县浪平地区发育了几处黄龙期生物格架礁。这些发育在海百合碎屑滩上的礁体规模普遍不大,造礁和附礁生物种类多样,礁生物群落成熟度低,造礁方式单一,具有斑块式分布特点。浪平地区黄龙期点礁是在缺乏全球性主要后生骨架造礁动物的背景下发育的,没有明显优势造礁生物出现;点礁受研究区内大规模发育的碎屑滩影响显著,成礁环境多变、高能水体与碎屑选择作用明显、固结和硬质基底分布不广泛、水体能量频繁变化与适应环境的海百合繁盛、藻类在研究区内不发育,这些使得浪平地区点礁具有典型的"碎屑滩点礁模式"特征;造礁生物的生态特点对点礁的具体面貌具有重要影响。晚石炭世碎屑滩后生动物骨架点礁的发现,有助于进一步加强生物礁古生态系统研究。  相似文献   

西南天山康克林组早二叠世小型无鳞板珊瑚动物群的发现及其地质意义简     

王卫国  张雄华  闫金华  吕兵团  郭旭军  张维昕  王庆同 《地质通报》2014,33(1):26-32

西南天山哈拉奇地区康克林组第三段发现大量单体无鳞板四射珊瑚,经鉴定共有11属23种。根据该动物群的组成特征和与邻区的对比,建立了Amplexocaniaia-Tachylasma-Bradyphyllum组合,并确定其时代为早二叠世紫松期或阿舍尔(Asselian)期。通过对沉积相及该无鳞板四射珊瑚动物群古生态的对比分析,确定本区当时水深大于100m,属碳酸盐台地与盆地之间的过渡环境。  相似文献   

珊瑚岛礁工程地球物理方法初探     

崔永圣  马林  刘宏岳  黄佳坤 《岩土力学》2014,35(Z2):683-689

梳理了国内珊瑚岛礁岩土工程物探调查的现状,结合钻孔原位测试,采用成熟的物探方法对珊瑚岛礁进行综合地球物理勘探,说明了各种物探方法的场地适应性和效果。主动源面波探测效果好,面波视速度剖面很好地反映了珊瑚碎屑层与礁灰岩的地层层序;水域地震反射波对外礁坪、向海坡、外海的沉积层界面反映清晰,发现某岛礁的西南、东北端的水底形态不对称,沉积层差异大,可能与珊瑚礁成长的海洋水动力环境有关。孔内电阻率原位测试数据表明,松散珊瑚碎屑层与礁灰岩的电阻率差异很小,在同一数量级,总体上无法采用电法类勘探方法进行地质分层。  相似文献